Bombardier Beetle Sprays Poisonous Mist

When the Bombardier Beetle (Pheropsophus jessoensis) feels threatened, it immediately emits a loud noise and a foul-smelling gas from its posterior end, towards the predator in self-defense. The liquid spray reaches a temperature of 100°C, inflicting burns on its natural predators (frogs and birds.) Human skin will also burn, turn brown, and retain the spray’s foul smell. The beetle can spray in any direction by changing the angle of its body, and can also spray multiple times in succession. The beetle does not store this poisonous mist in its body. Instead it creates the spray on demand by combining two different chemicals that are stored separately in its stomach. When the beetle senses danger, these two chemicals are sent to an area called the “reaction chamber” where they interact to create the poisonous mist. Further, the heat and pressure generated by the explosive reaction of the chemicals is transfered to a high-temperature, high-pressure spray directed toward the beetle’s enemy. By storing the two chemicals for the poisonous mist separately and making only the necessary amount when needed, the beetle can efficiently use its poisonous mist without waste.

Resouce/Energy/Information Transmission & Production:: Heat generation、Scent、Spray

Long life

The Bombardier Beetle’s defense mechanism has been used to develop new air conditioners that spray a fine mist of water and absorb heat when the water evaporates. It has also been used in fire extinguisher systems that need to mix two chemicals together before emission.

The beetles’ spray mechanism can be used to develop new types of fire extinguishers and sprays, including multi-purpose automatic fire extinguishers that spray a mist of fire-extinguishing agents. It can also be used in new types of medical inhalers and aerosols that do not require a spring mechanism to disperse contents.

Query	Affected	Num. rows	Took (ms)	Actions
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `contents`	16	16	3	maybe slow
SELECT CHARACTER_SET_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLLATIONS WHERE COLLATION_NAME= 'utf8_general_ci';	1	1	1
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `users`	10	10	13	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `groups`	4	4	2	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `permissions`	5	5	4	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `groups_permissions`	3	3	3
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `groups_users`	3	3	4	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `contents_searches`	6	6	2	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `attachments`	11	11	14	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `attachments_revs`	13	13	3	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `contents_related_items`	5	5	3	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `related_items`	6	6	41	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `contents_related_items_revs`	8	8	18	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `contents_tags`	5	5	15	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `tags`	7	7	2	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `tag_groups`	6	6	2	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `contents_tags_revs`	7	7	3	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `contents_revs`	18	18	5	maybe slow
SELECT `Content`.`id`, `Content`.`user_id`, `Content`.`last_edit_user_id`, `Content`.`post_date`, `Content`.`post_date_year`, `Content`.`post_date_month`, `Content`.`post_date_day`, `Content`.`title`, `Content`.`title_en`, `Content`.`content`, `Content`.`plain_content`, `Content`.`page_view`, `Content`.`flag`, `Content`.`mod_count`, `Content`.`created`, `Content`.`modified` FROM `contents` AS `Content` WHERE `id` = 114 LIMIT 1	1	1	0
SELECT `Attachment`.`file_name`, `Attachment`.`dir`, `Attachment`.`model`, `Attachment`.`foreign_key` FROM `attachments` AS `Attachment` WHERE `file_name` <> 'default.jpg' AND `Attachment`.`foreign_key` = (114)	2	2	0
SELECT `ContentsRelatedItem`.`content`, `ContentsRelatedItem`.`related_item_id`, `ContentsRelatedItem`.`content_id` FROM `contents_related_items` AS `ContentsRelatedItem` WHERE `ContentsRelatedItem`.`content_id` = (114)	12	12	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 1	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 2	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 5	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 6	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 7	1	1	1
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 8	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 9	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 9	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 9	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 4	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 11	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 12	1	1	0
SELECT `ContentsTag`.`id`, `ContentsTag`.`tag_group_id`, `ContentsTag`.`mod_count`, `ContentsTag`.`tag_id`, `ContentsTag`.`content_id` FROM `contents_tags` AS `ContentsTag` WHERE `ContentsTag`.`content_id` = (114)	4	4	0
SELECT `Tag`.`name`, `Tag`.`comment`, `Tag`.`tag_group_id` FROM `tags` AS `Tag` WHERE `Tag`.`id` = 18	1	1	0
SELECT `TagGroup`.`code`, `TagGroup`.`name` FROM `tag_groups` AS `TagGroup` WHERE `TagGroup`.`id` = 2	1	1	0
SELECT `Tag`.`name`, `Tag`.`comment`, `Tag`.`tag_group_id` FROM `tags` AS `Tag` WHERE `Tag`.`id` = 21	1	1	0
SELECT `TagGroup`.`code`, `TagGroup`.`name` FROM `tag_groups` AS `TagGroup` WHERE `TagGroup`.`id` = 2	1	1	0
SELECT `Tag`.`name`, `Tag`.`comment`, `Tag`.`tag_group_id` FROM `tags` AS `Tag` WHERE `Tag`.`id` = 22	1	1	0
SELECT `TagGroup`.`code`, `TagGroup`.`name` FROM `tag_groups` AS `TagGroup` WHERE `TagGroup`.`id` = 2	1	1	0
SELECT `Tag`.`name`, `Tag`.`comment`, `Tag`.`tag_group_id` FROM `tags` AS `Tag` WHERE `Tag`.`id` = 99	1	1	0
SELECT `TagGroup`.`code`, `TagGroup`.`name` FROM `tag_groups` AS `TagGroup` WHERE `TagGroup`.`id` = 7	1	1	1
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`id`, `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name`, `RelatedItem`.`created`, `RelatedItem`.`modified`, `RelatedItem`.`flag` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `code` = 'function' LIMIT 1	1	1	0
SELECT `Content`.`id`, `Content`.`title`, `Content`.`title_en` FROM `contents` AS `Content` WHERE id = (NULL) ORDER BY `id` desc	0	0	0

Message	Memory use
Component intitailization	6.79 MB
Controller action start	6.83 MB
Controller render start	6.91 MB
View render complete	7.93 MB

Message	Time in ms	Graph
Core Processing (Derived)	608.89
Component initialization and startup	23.31
Controller action	55.91
Render Controller Action	78.33
» Rendering View	73.47
» » Rendering APP/views/contents/view.ctp	40.51
» » Rendering APP/views/layouts/default.ctp	29.92
» » » Rendering APP/views/elements/header.ctp	7.60
» » » Rendering APP/views/elements/content_sidebar.ctp	0.61
» » » Rendering APP/views/elements/footer.ctp	0.55

Bombardier Beetle Sprays Poisonous Mist

default

Query Explain:

Memory

Timers

Bombardier Beetle Sprays Poisonous Mist

Request History

Session

Request

Cake Params

$_GET

Cookie

Current Route

Sql Logs

default

Query Explain:

Memory

Timers

Logs

View Variables