Tree Sprouts and Insect Wings: “Miura Folding”

Perhaps you’ve seen a science fiction movie or cartoon where a tiny folded panel rapidly unfolds and expands in outer space. You most likely witnessed “Miura-ori” in action, a folding technique devised by Professor Emeritus Koryo Miura of Tokyo University. Miura-ori makes it easy to fold and unfold objects quickly without increasing bulk. In our day-to-day lives, this technique is also used to fold portable maps. Since the discovery of Miura-ori, objects exhibiting the same folding pattern have also been observed numerous times in nature. For example, both insects’ wings and the young leaves inside of tree sprouts are folded in this manner. This folding technique, a product of the human mind, had in fact already existed in nature.

Form/Organization/System:: Opening and closing、Size changing

Efficiency(Energy Saving, Resource Saving, Light):: Efficient arrangement

Other

Mahadevan L. and Rica S. Science. 2005;310:1740.

Miura-ori is already in use in folding portable maps and pamphlets. It has also been applied to space technology, where it is used to expand two-dimensional structures and re-collapse them for storage. In addition to its use in folding two-dimensional panels, researchers are currently developing ways to use this technique to collapse and expand three-dimensional structures as well.

Portable maps, pamphlets, and two-dimensional Miuri-folding structures used in outer space.

Miura-ori as a human construction has already proven to be quite useful, and its applications are growing. But in nature, one can’t help but wonder how the folds in insect wings and leaves were created. Recent research reveals that these objects consist of a soft foundation with a thin membrane fixed on top. Their folds form automatically when force is applied in a particular way. Through further study of this mechanism, it may become possible to apply Miuri-ori without any manual folding. This may also allow the use of Miuri-ori on objects that are too small to fold by hand or machine.

Query	Affected	Num. rows	Took (ms)	Actions
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `contents`	16	16	3	maybe slow
SELECT CHARACTER_SET_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLLATIONS WHERE COLLATION_NAME= 'utf8_general_ci';	1	1	13	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `users`	10	10	2	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `groups`	4	4	11	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `permissions`	5	5	2	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `groups_permissions`	3	3	10	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `groups_users`	3	3	10	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `contents_searches`	6	6	2	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `attachments`	11	11	14	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `attachments_revs`	13	13	15	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `contents_related_items`	5	5	2	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `related_items`	6	6	3	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `contents_related_items_revs`	8	8	10	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `contents_tags`	5	5	2	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `tags`	7	7	14	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `tag_groups`	6	6	3	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `contents_tags_revs`	7	7	10	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `contents_revs`	18	18	3	maybe slow
SELECT `Content`.`id`, `Content`.`user_id`, `Content`.`last_edit_user_id`, `Content`.`post_date`, `Content`.`post_date_year`, `Content`.`post_date_month`, `Content`.`post_date_day`, `Content`.`title`, `Content`.`title_en`, `Content`.`content`, `Content`.`plain_content`, `Content`.`page_view`, `Content`.`flag`, `Content`.`mod_count`, `Content`.`created`, `Content`.`modified` FROM `contents` AS `Content` WHERE `id` = 171 LIMIT 1	1	1	9	maybe slow
SELECT `Attachment`.`file_name`, `Attachment`.`dir`, `Attachment`.`model`, `Attachment`.`foreign_key` FROM `attachments` AS `Attachment` WHERE `file_name` <> 'default.jpg' AND `Attachment`.`foreign_key` = (171)	1	1	0
SELECT `ContentsRelatedItem`.`content`, `ContentsRelatedItem`.`related_item_id`, `ContentsRelatedItem`.`content_id` FROM `contents_related_items` AS `ContentsRelatedItem` WHERE `ContentsRelatedItem`.`content_id` = (171)	11	11	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 1	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 2	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 4	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 6	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 7	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 8	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 9	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 9	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 9	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 11	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 12	1	1	0
SELECT `ContentsTag`.`id`, `ContentsTag`.`tag_group_id`, `ContentsTag`.`mod_count`, `ContentsTag`.`tag_id`, `ContentsTag`.`content_id` FROM `contents_tags` AS `ContentsTag` WHERE `ContentsTag`.`content_id` = (171)	4	4	0
SELECT `Tag`.`name`, `Tag`.`comment`, `Tag`.`tag_group_id` FROM `tags` AS `Tag` WHERE `Tag`.`id` = 43	1	1	0
SELECT `TagGroup`.`code`, `TagGroup`.`name` FROM `tag_groups` AS `TagGroup` WHERE `TagGroup`.`id` = 4	1	1	0
SELECT `Tag`.`name`, `Tag`.`comment`, `Tag`.`tag_group_id` FROM `tags` AS `Tag` WHERE `Tag`.`id` = 48	1	1	0
SELECT `TagGroup`.`code`, `TagGroup`.`name` FROM `tag_groups` AS `TagGroup` WHERE `TagGroup`.`id` = 4	1	1	0
SELECT `Tag`.`name`, `Tag`.`comment`, `Tag`.`tag_group_id` FROM `tags` AS `Tag` WHERE `Tag`.`id` = 56	1	1	0
SELECT `TagGroup`.`code`, `TagGroup`.`name` FROM `tag_groups` AS `TagGroup` WHERE `TagGroup`.`id` = 5	1	1	0
SELECT `Tag`.`name`, `Tag`.`comment`, `Tag`.`tag_group_id` FROM `tags` AS `Tag` WHERE `Tag`.`id` = 175	1	1	0
SELECT `TagGroup`.`code`, `TagGroup`.`name` FROM `tag_groups` AS `TagGroup` WHERE `TagGroup`.`id` = 7	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`id`, `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name`, `RelatedItem`.`created`, `RelatedItem`.`modified`, `RelatedItem`.`flag` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `code` = 'function' LIMIT 1	1	1	0
SELECT `Content`.`id`, `Content`.`title`, `Content`.`title_en` FROM `contents` AS `Content` WHERE id = (NULL) ORDER BY `id` desc	0	0	0

Message	Memory use
Component intitailization	6.79 MB
Controller action start	6.83 MB
Controller render start	6.90 MB
View render complete	7.93 MB

Message	Time in ms	Graph
Core Processing (Derived)	417.24
Component initialization and startup	19.74
Controller action	53.71
Render Controller Action	76.22
» Rendering View	71.77
» » Rendering APP/views/contents/view.ctp	41.60
» » Rendering APP/views/layouts/default.ctp	27.87
» » » Rendering APP/views/elements/header.ctp	1.73
» » » Rendering APP/views/elements/content_sidebar.ctp	0.39
» » » Rendering APP/views/elements/footer.ctp	0.46

Tree Sprouts and Insect Wings: “Miura Folding”

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Tree Sprouts and Insect Wings: “Miura Folding”

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