Hydrophobic Butterfly Wings

Morpho butterflies’ wings are hydrophobic (water-repellant) due to small oblong cells and minute needle-like protrusions that cover their surface. The protrusions form a hydrophobic microstructure of ridges that carry water and dirt off of the wings.

Defense/Stability:: Water repellent

"Collins, M. 2004. Design and nature II: comparing design in nature with science and engineering. Southampton: WIT. Waterproof and translucent wings at the same time: problems and solutions in butterflies. Perez Goodwyn P, Maezono Y, Hosoda N, Fujisaki K.　Naturwissenschaften. 2009 Mar 26."

Knowledge of hydrophobic wing structure has been used to develop self-cleaning paints, glass, and cloth, among other things.

The wing structure of Morpho butterflies can be applied to the development of water-repellent roofs and cloth, as well as to the development of containers that prevent food from going bad.

Lotus Leaves are Highly Waterproof: The surface of lotus leaves is covered with bumps that are only several microns wide. One out of every several hundred bumps has a small projection attached to it, which helps the leaves repel water and dirt.

Query	Affected	Num. rows	Took (ms)	Actions
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `contents`	16	16	11	maybe slow
SELECT CHARACTER_SET_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLLATIONS WHERE COLLATION_NAME= 'utf8_general_ci';	1	1	1
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `users`	10	10	10
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `groups`	4	4	2	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `permissions`	5	5	2	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `groups_permissions`	3	3	10	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `groups_users`	3	3	2	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `contents_searches`	6	6	14	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `attachments`	11	11	10	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `attachments_revs`	13	13	3	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `contents_related_items`	5	5	2	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `related_items`	6	6	2	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `contents_related_items_revs`	8	8	14	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `contents_tags`	5	5	2	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `tags`	7	7	10	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `tag_groups`	6	6	2	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `contents_tags_revs`	7	7	2	maybe slow
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `contents_revs`	18	18	11	maybe slow
SELECT `Content`.`id`, `Content`.`user_id`, `Content`.`last_edit_user_id`, `Content`.`post_date`, `Content`.`post_date_year`, `Content`.`post_date_month`, `Content`.`post_date_day`, `Content`.`title`, `Content`.`title_en`, `Content`.`content`, `Content`.`plain_content`, `Content`.`page_view`, `Content`.`flag`, `Content`.`mod_count`, `Content`.`created`, `Content`.`modified` FROM `contents` AS `Content` WHERE `id` = 14 LIMIT 1	1	1	0
SELECT `Attachment`.`file_name`, `Attachment`.`dir`, `Attachment`.`model`, `Attachment`.`foreign_key` FROM `attachments` AS `Attachment` WHERE `file_name` <> 'default.jpg' AND `Attachment`.`foreign_key` = (14)	1	1	8	maybe slow
SELECT `ContentsRelatedItem`.`content`, `ContentsRelatedItem`.`related_item_id`, `ContentsRelatedItem`.`content_id` FROM `contents_related_items` AS `ContentsRelatedItem` WHERE `ContentsRelatedItem`.`content_id` = (14)	12	12	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 1	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 2	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 5	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 6	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 7	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 8	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 9	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 9	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 9	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 11	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 4	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 12	1	1	0
SELECT `ContentsTag`.`id`, `ContentsTag`.`tag_group_id`, `ContentsTag`.`mod_count`, `ContentsTag`.`tag_id`, `ContentsTag`.`content_id` FROM `contents_tags` AS `ContentsTag` WHERE `ContentsTag`.`content_id` = (14)	3	3	0
SELECT `Tag`.`name`, `Tag`.`comment`, `Tag`.`tag_group_id` FROM `tags` AS `Tag` WHERE `Tag`.`id` = 85	1	1	0
SELECT `TagGroup`.`code`, `TagGroup`.`name` FROM `tag_groups` AS `TagGroup` WHERE `TagGroup`.`id` = 6	1	1	0
SELECT `Tag`.`name`, `Tag`.`comment`, `Tag`.`tag_group_id` FROM `tags` AS `Tag` WHERE `Tag`.`id` = 97	1	1	0
SELECT `TagGroup`.`code`, `TagGroup`.`name` FROM `tag_groups` AS `TagGroup` WHERE `TagGroup`.`id` = 7	1	1	0
SELECT `Tag`.`name`, `Tag`.`comment`, `Tag`.`tag_group_id` FROM `tags` AS `Tag` WHERE `Tag`.`id` = 98	1	1	0
SELECT `TagGroup`.`code`, `TagGroup`.`name` FROM `tag_groups` AS `TagGroup` WHERE `TagGroup`.`id` = 7	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`id`, `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name`, `RelatedItem`.`created`, `RelatedItem`.`modified`, `RelatedItem`.`flag` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `code` = 'function' LIMIT 1	1	1	0
SELECT `Content`.`id`, `Content`.`title`, `Content`.`title_en` FROM `contents` AS `Content` WHERE id = (17) ORDER BY `id` desc	1	1	0
SELECT `Attachment`.`file_name`, `Attachment`.`dir`, `Attachment`.`foreign_key` FROM `attachments` AS `Attachment` WHERE `file_name` <> 'default.jpg' AND `Attachment`.`foreign_key` = (17)	2	2	0
SELECT `ContentsRelatedItem`.`content`, `ContentsRelatedItem`.`related_item_id`, `ContentsRelatedItem`.`content_id` FROM `contents_related_items` AS `ContentsRelatedItem` WHERE `related_item_id` = '1' AND `ContentsRelatedItem`.`content_id` = (17)	1	1	0
SELECT `RelatedItem`.`code`, `RelatedItem`.`name` FROM `related_items` AS `RelatedItem` WHERE `RelatedItem`.`id` = 1	1	1	0

Message	Memory use
Component intitailization	6.79 MB
Controller action start	6.83 MB
Controller render start	6.91 MB
View render complete	7.93 MB

Message	Time in ms	Graph
Core Processing (Derived)	423.20
Component initialization and startup	18.09
Controller action	52.93
Render Controller Action	77.81
» Rendering View	65.37
» » Rendering APP/views/contents/view.ctp	35.69
» » Rendering APP/views/layouts/default.ctp	27.72
» » » Rendering APP/views/elements/header.ctp	1.65
» » » Rendering APP/views/elements/content_sidebar.ctp	0.38
» » » Rendering APP/views/elements/footer.ctp	0.46

Hydrophobic Butterfly Wings

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